Basic of computer

Generation of Computers.

Generation of computer, Computers are several times with the internal as well as external hardware. Since 1940 to till date.

First Generation of Computers :

first-generation computer 1942 to 1955.
In first-generation computers punched cards were used to enter the data into the computer.
The system was extremely large.
In first generation, Vacuum tube was the core element.
Produce large amount of heat phone to hardware failure.
Example: IBM 701, UNIVAC -1

Merits of first Generation Computer:

Much faster than earlier machine.
Capacity is more than earlier one.

Demerit of First Generation Computer:

Very bulky.
First generation computer Is not portable.
Consumes lot of electricity.
Air conditioning was being required.

Second Generation of computer:

Second Generation computers stared
1955 to 1964.
Transistors was the core element.
Taps and magnetic disks are used for secondary storage.
High level procedural language for FORTRAN and COBALT were used.
Second-generation computers require less power to operate.
Magnetic core is used for primary storage.
Examples: IBM 7090 CDC 1604, iBM 1620.

Merit of Second Generation Computer:

Due to the transistor leads heat is generated.
Much faster than the first-generation computer.
Portable and reliable.

Demerit of Second Generation Computer:

Heat generated was large therefore required air conditioning.
Frequency maintenance was required.

Third generation of computer:

The integrated circuit (IC) circuit was the core element in the third generation computers.
Magnetic disk for secondary storage.
Mini computers were developed during his era.
Operating systems where are also developed.
Smaller than the second generation.
Examples IBM 360, CDC 6600

Demerit of Third Generation Computer:

Much faster than First and second-generation computers.
Portable and cheaper.
Smaller in size.
Having more memory.
Less power consumption.

Demerit of Third Generation Computer:

They were less accurate.
Production was very expensive.

Fourth generation of computer:

1975 to 1990
Large Scale Integrated circuits (LSIC) and very integrated circuits (VLSIC) are the core element.
fourth generation computer file sharing remote login facilities are available.
Semiconductors were used for primary storage.
microcomputer or personal computer were developed.
Example: IBM PC, CRAY 2

Demerit of Fourth Generation Computer:

Fourth generation computer
Portable and reliable.
Smaller in size.
Much faster than the third generation computers.
Very cheap.

Demerit of Fourth Generation Computer:

sophisticated technology were uesd required for their production.

Fifth generation of computer:

Fifth generation computers
1990 and onwards.
Ultra Large Scale Integrated (ULSIC) is the core element
RAM and ROM are used for primary storage.
HDD and SSD are for secondary storage.
All high-level programming languages like C + + c Java Python are used.
Example: param 1000.

merit of First Generation Computer:

Fifth-generation computers
consume less power.
Much more reliable.
Fast and large storage.
More user-friendly.
Easy to learn.