Computer Networks:
Physical Layers
- Types of network (LAN MAN WAN)
- Network Topologies
- Transmission Techniques (simplex, 1/2 duplex, duplex)
- Physical Media(Guided /unguided)
- Hub, Repeater,
Data link Layer(DLL)
- Functions of DLL
- Sub-Layer (LLC & MAC Address)
- Error Detection(Parity check & Checksum)
- Correction Technique(Hamming Code)
- Concept of Switch.
- Switching Technique (CS,MS,PS)
Network Layer
- Function of Network Layer
- Addressing
- IP Addressing(Class A,B,C,D,E)
- IPv4 Packet Format
- Basic of Routing Protocol ARP,RARP.
- Sub-netting
- Concept of IPv6
- IPv4 Vs IPv6
- Router
Transport Layer:
- Function of Transport Layer
- Transport Layer Protocols TCP,UDP
- Multiplexing and Demultiplexing
- Congestion Control
- Flow Control
Session and Presentation Layer:
Application Layer:
- function of Application Layer
- Application Layer Protocol HTTP
- TFTP, SMTP, POP, URL
- FTP
- TELNET.
- concept of Gateway.
- DNS
- MIME
- WWW
- E-mail, IMAP
Basis of networking
Systems that are interconnected with each other then this is called networks.
Network are of two types:
- open system
- close system
Open systems :
Open systems are the systems in which the system is ready to connect mode that is these systems are online or able to connect easily.
Closed systems:
Closed systems are the system that are not available for connect as they are not connected to the network.
Computer Networks:
computer networks are systems or computers that are interconnected with each other through a network.
Types of computer networks are:
- PAN
- LAN
- MAN
- WAN
PAN:
- It stands for personal area network.
- PAN network personal area network used for communicating among computers devices close to one person.
- PAN connection standard up to 10 meters.
Examples of devices that are used in Pen are personal computers fax machine, telephone
LAN:
- Local area network.
- A local area network is a network that connects computers and devices in a limited geographical area such as homes, schools, and computer libraries.
Local area networks are mostly privately owned.
Advantages of local area network:
- High speed
- Small in size
- Individual works space
Disadvantages of local area network:
- Equipment and Support are costly
- Some types of hardware may not supportive
MAN:
- Metropolitan Area Network
- Metropolitan Area Network larger than LAN and smaller than WAN
- It is within 100 KM.
Advantages of metropolitan area network:
- MAN act like a backbone for larger network
- MAN helps the transmission of data in both directions simultaneously
Disadvantages of Metropolitan Area Network:
- MAN required more cable.
- Difficult to make the system secure.
WAN:
- WAN wide area network
- Wide area network is a computer network that covers and last geographical area such a city or country.
- Wide area network are private or public owned.
Advantages of Wide area network:
- Easy of communication
- Large network cover
- Larger audience
Disadvantages of Wide Area Network:
- WAN slow in speed
- WAN is difficult to maintain and complex
- It is very costly
- WAN is a big and complex problem
- WAN is not secure
Computer Networks:
Physical Layers
- Types of network (LAN MAN WAN)
- Network Topologies
- Transmission Techniques (simplex, 1/2 duplex, duplex)
- Physical Media(Guided /unguided)
- Hub, Repeater,
Data link Layer(DLL)
- Functions of DLL
- Sub-Layer (LLC & MAC Address)
- Error Detection(Parity check & Checksum)
- Correction Technique(Hamming Code)
- Concept of Switch.
- Switching Technique (CS,MS,PS)
Network Layer
- Function of Network Layer
- Addressing
- IP Addressing(Class A,B,C,D,E)
- IPv4 Packet Format
- Basic of Routing Protocol ARP,RARP.
- Sub-netting
- Concept of IPv6
- IPv4 Vs IPv6
- Router
Transport Layer:
- Function of Transport Layer
- Transport Layer Protocols TCP,UDP
- Multiplexing and Demultiplexing
- Congestion Control
- Flow Control
- Stop and Wait
- Sliding Window Protocol (Go-Back-N)
Session and Presentation Layer:
Application Layer:
- function of Application Layer
- Application Layer Protocol HTTP
- TFTP, SMTP, POP, URL
- FTP
- TELNET.
- concept of Gateway.
- DNS
- MIME
- WWW
- E-mail, IMAP