Computer Networks:

Physical Layers
Data link Layer(DLL)

Network Layer

Transport Layer:

Session and Presentation Layer:

Application Layer:

 
☚ OSI Model
Transmission Technique ☛

Network Layer

Addressing in Computer Network

 

Addressing:

TCP/IP has 32 bit or four number between 0 and 255 to address a computer. When an application want to set up a connection to other application, it need address of that. Whether it is connection oriented service or connectionless it needs the address of the source and the destination point.

 

 

Thus addressing can be divided into three category listed below:

  • Physical addressing
  • Logical addressing
  • IP addressing

 

 

 

Physical addressing:

 

Each organization interface has a MAC  (media access Controller) address.

Also known as the physical address. This is the genuine equipment address that the least level of the organization uses to Communicate.

 The MAC address is assign to network interference card (NAC) by the original manufacturer or by the network administrator.

There are three types of physical addressing:

  • Unicast.
  • Multicast addressing
  • Broadcast addressing.

Other categories of IP address are given below

  • Private IP address
  • Public IP address
 
Static and dynamic IP addressing:

 

The IP address can be static or dynamic. If the computer uses the same IP address whenever it connect to the network then it is said to be have a static IP address Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) to assign dynamic IP addressing.

 

Types of IP addressing:

Unicast IP address:

This kind of addresses are permanently assigned to the network interference card (NIC) and are unique for a machine. Unicast IP Address is used to sent Data to a specific network device on the network

 

Broadcast IP address:

It allows information to be sent to all the computer on a given subnet rather than a particular machine.

Multicast IP address:
This are the address given to a group of host instead of a single host. This addressing technique is very effective if common information is to be communicate to a group of host.


Private IP Addressing:

Are local address which cannot be Rout it over the internet. These address are free for use by anyone.


Public IP addresses:

Public IP address is a unique IP address assign by a (IANA) internet assigned network authority. Duplication of the public IP address is impossible hence this addresses needs to be brought.


 

Logical addressing:

To provide a unique identifier for a specific node on a network by the network operating system is called logical addressing. Logical address is the one that defines a logical topology to reach a particular host.

However this number are assigned by the network operating system to them, but to reach them the physical address is required which is calculated using some method using the logical number specified in the datagram.

Addressing

IP addressing:

IP (internet protocol) address is a unique identifier for a node or host connected on an IP Network. An IP address is 32 bit binary number usually represented as 4 decimal values each representing 8 bit in the range of 0 to 255 separated by decimal point This is known as dotted decimal notation
Example:140.179.22.220.

 

Every PC should have an IP address before it can associate with the web. Before it can be sent to another computer. IP addresses are normal written as 4 number separated by period like this 192.168.1.50

Addressing
☚ OSI Model
Transmission Technique ☛

Computer Networks:

Physical Layers
Data link Layer(DLL)

Network Layer

Transport Layer:

Session and Presentation Layer:

Application Layer: